What is the primary characteristic of Cyclothymic Disorder?

Cyclothymic Disorder is primarily characterized by alternating periods of hypomanic symptoms and periods of depressive symptoms, but these do not meet the full criteria for major depressive episodes. This condition is a milder form of mood disorder and involves mood fluctuations that are less severe than those seen in bipolar disorder. The alternation of these periods must occur over at least a two-year duration (one year for children and adolescents), and while individuals may experience these mood changes, they do not reach the intensity or duration required to be classified as full manic or major depressive episodes.

The other options describe different mood or anxiety disorders. Episodes of mania and major depression correspond to bipolar disorder rather than cyclothymic disorder. Persistent depressive moods without elevation is characteristic of Persistent Depressive Disorder (Dysthymia), while frequent panic attacks without mood changes relate to Panic Disorder, which focuses on anxiety rather than mood states. Thus, the correct identification of cyclothymic disorder reflects its unique pattern of mood variability.