What defines Autism Spectrum Disorder?

Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD) is characterized by persistent impairments in social communication and social interaction across multiple contexts. This includes difficulties in understanding social cues, challenges in developing and maintaining relationships, and issues with social reciprocity. In addition to these social communication difficulties, individuals with ASD may also exhibit restricted, repetitive patterns of behavior, interests, or activities.

The defining feature of ASD lies in its impact on social functioning and communication, which is why the correct answer focuses on these persistent impairments. It's important to recognize that the scope of ASD is broad, and while some individuals may demonstrate significant intellectual impairment, others may have average or above-average intelligence. Therefore, ASD is not solely defined by intellectual capabilities, nor is it limited to social difficulties in isolation or rigid academic settings.